Khapra Beetle
Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae: Megatominae)

Diagnostics:

Useful Web Links:

• Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Taiwan (restricted distribution), India, Iran, Iraq, Israel (restricted distribution), Republic of Korea, Lebanon, Myanmar, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Syria, Turkey (restricted distribution), Yemen (restricted distribution).
• Europe:  Cyprus, Former USSR, Spain (restricted distribution), Switzerland (restricted distribution).
• Africa: Algeria, Burkina Faso, Egypt, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria (restricted distribution), Senegal, Somalia, Sudan, Zanzibar, Tunisia, Zambia, Zimbabwe.

• Primary hosts: Arachis hypogaea (groundnut), Gossypium (cotton), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Oryza sativa (rice), Panicum miliaceum (millet), Sesamum indicum (sesame), Sorghum sp.,  Triticum aestivum (wheat), Zea mays (corn/maize), other dried stored products.
• Secondary hosts Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)
• Hosts where status is unknown: Cicer arietinum (chickpea), Helianthus annuus (sunflower), Pennisetum glaucum (pearl millet), Sorghum bicolor (common sorghum), Vicia faba (broad bean).

• Bains SS, Battu GS, Atwal AS, 1976. Distribution of Trogoderma granarium Everts and other stored grain insect pests in Punjab and losses caused by them. Bulletin of Grain Technology, 14(1):18-29.
• Banks HJ, 1977. Distribution and establishment of Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae); climatic and other influences. Journal of Stored Products Research, 13(4):183-202.
• Banks, H. J. 1994. Illustrated identification keys for Trogoderma granarium, T. glabrum, T. inclusum and T. variabile (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) and other Trogoderma associated with stored products. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; Division of Entomology, Technical Paper No. 32. 66pp.
• CABI/EPPO, 1998. Trogoderma granarium. Distribution Maps of Quarantine Pests for Europe No. 153. Wallingford, UK, CAB International.
• Crop Protection Compendium, CABI, ISSN 1478-7040 (Online), ISSN 1365-9065 (CD-ROM)
• Girish GK, Kumar A, Jain SK, 1975. Part - VI: assessment of the quality loss in wheat damaged by Trogoderma granarium Everts during storage. Bulletin of Grain Technology, 13(1):26-32.
• Green M, 1979. The identification of Trogoderma variabile Ballion, T. inclusum Le Conte and T. granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) using characters provided by their genitalia. Entomologist's Gazette, 30(3):199-204.
• Haines CP, 1991. Insects and Arachnids of Tropical Stored Products: Their Biology and Identification (A Training Manual), 2nd edition. Chatham, UK: Natural Resources Institute.
• Peacock ER, 1993. Adults and larvae of hide, larder and carpet beetles and their relatives (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) and of derodontid beetles (Coleoptera: Derodontidae). Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects London, UK; Natural History Museum, 5(3):144 pp.
• Prasad H, Bhatia P, Sethi GR, 1977. Estimation of feeding losses by Trogoderma granarium Everts in wheat. Indian Journal of Entomology, 39(4):377-378.
• Smith, I. M., McNamara, DG, Scott, PR & Holderness, M. 1996. Quarantine Pests for Europe, Data sheets on Quarantine Pests for the European Union and for the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO). CABI in association with EPPO. 1440pp.

Copyright Disclaimer Participants